Organizational Behavior Critical Thinking Essay Example for Free

Organizational Behavior Critical Thinking Essay I have chosen three theories to address the problem. The first theory is Schwartz’s Value Theory. According to the theory, everyone has each own set of personal values and the attainment of these personal values is crucial. Conflict of values or failure in attaining them might lead to employees’ turnover. From the article, the senior staffs claimed that the bonuses they received were below average. I infer that some of the staffs’ personal values were not attained, which in this case possibly power and achievement. Their personal values might also have conflicted with the company’s values, which lead to their departure. Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Theory is also applicable in addressing this issue. According to the theory, there are some factors those lead to both work â€Å"satisfaction† (motivators) and â€Å"dissatisfaction† (hygiene). The absence of recognition which is one of the motivators leads to no satisfaction and the presence of hygiene factors such as poor salary and violation of company’s policies such as not paying bonuses that the executives deserved might lead to â€Å"dissatisfaction†. This  presence of â€Å"dissatisfaction† might be the major reason for the staffs to quit. Lastly, according to The Three-Component Model of Organizational Commitment there are three types of commitment that create a binding force, those may reduce the high turnover. They are namely Normative, Continuance and Affective commitment. Affective commitment is mainly influenced by personal characteristics and values and is closely related to the Schwartz’s Value Theory. This commitment also takes into consideration work experience, which might support the executives’ decision to quit. Violation of psychological contract is a factor that may cause Normative commitment to be ruptured. UBS has failed to meet the expectation of some of their executive and this can be seen as hygiene factors according to Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Theory which leads to â€Å"dissatisfaction†. The model, so far, has covered the other two theories. Adding on to that, this model also includes the possibility of external factors that might lead someone to leave a company. In this case, availability of job alternatives in other companies, which compromise their Continuance commitments, might be another force that encouraged executives to leave their positions in the company. Therefore, I conclude that this model, in comparison with the others, is the most appropriate model to address the problem of high turnover in UBS as it covers more possibilities and gives us a more complete view of why the senior staffs may have left the company. UBS is very sensitive to the performance of the world’s economy as it runs in the area of financial service. Poor global economic performance or recession is a major factor that influences the problem of high turnover faced by UBS. Most of the decisions must be made carefully by the company as it involves very high risk level. Through these decisions, UBS has to maintain or even improve the job satisfaction level of its employee and at the same time, continue to give excellent performance. Wrong decisions might cause UBS to lose its employees even its key executives. In the time of financial crisis, it is more difficult for UBS to maintain both its employees’ job satisfaction and also its performance. This depends largely on the company’s policy and also the decisions made by the company. For instance, in Wall Street Meltdown in 2008 UBS made a US$32 billion loss and its stock value plunged by almost 70% (Gross, 2008). One of the decisions that the company made was to fire 8900 employees worldwide (Ubs lay off, 2008). The increased in the regulation  of financial industry such as tax on financial may also affect the performance of UBS negatively. Financial Analysts predicted that this increase in regulation will reduce the size of the industry (Adams, 2011) and this leaves UBS with no other option than cutting off the number of its employees. This decision made might negatively impact the rest of the employees as they would feel insecure in their positions. This factor can also be seen as one of the hygiene factors which lead to â€Å"dissatisfaction† and this result in the high turnover. Apart from that, the competitive nature of the industry itself intensifies the challenge faced by UBS. Due to lower bonuses that it paid to its executive in comparison to the rival companies might encourage the executives to switch company. For example, Edward Cook who has worked for UBS for 28 years decided to join Morgan Stanley very recently (Philbin, 2011) and Suneel Kamlani, who has worked for 21 years in UBS, decided to join RBS just last year (Muà ±oz, 2010). This shows that it is definitely a challenge for UBS to elicit higher levels of commitment of its employees and executives. Availability of position and better payment offered by rival companies will test the loyalty of the UBS’s employees. Hence, the high competition among banks also induces the high turnover in UBS. To reduce turnover, managers should cultivate the company’s value in the employees. This will reduce Individual-Organizational value conflict and it can be done through training sharing of the company’s vision. Managers also have to respect the psychological contract and should propose more-defined policies to company as it may reduce job dissatisfaction. In time of crisis, company may also maintain the Continuance Commitment of the employees by paying the bonuses by using the company’s share. However, all of the solutions I proposed may not be successful as they do not take into account the other external factors and the success also depends on the personal characteristics of the employees. References Shehan, Tom, S. ,. T. (n.d.). How to retain employees: a high turnover rate is costly in both direct and indirect costs. . Retrieved from http://www.allbusiness.com/management/447495-1.html Gross, D. (2008, July 07). Phil gramms ubs problem. http://www.slate.com/id/2194933/ Ubs lay off job cut: may fire 1900 employees. (2008, October 01). Retrieved from http://www.finance-trading-times.com/2008/10/ubs-lay-off-job-cut-may-fire-1900.html Adams, B. (2011, August 30). The big layoff: struggling financial giant fires thousands of employees. Retrieved from http://www.theblaze.com/stories/the-big-layoff-struggling-financial-giant-fires-thousands-of-employees/ Philbin, B. (2011, September 14). Street moves: morgan stanley hires rbc, ubs financial advisers. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20110914-711796.html Muà ±oz, S. S. (2010, April 12). Rbs hires key executive from ubs. Retrieved from http://www.efinancialnews.com/story/2010-04-12/rbs-hires-kamlani-executive-ubs

the swing :: essays research papers

The Swing by Pierre Renoir   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The impressionist movement started when Claude Monet and other artists held an exhibition in Paris in 1874. People like Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Pierre Renoir, Camille Pissaro created their most important work between 1870 to around 1910. The critics gave the exhibition the worst reviews possible. â€Å"The critics considered Impressionist paintings an insult to viewers because they were expected to accept apparently unfinished art as a ‘real’ painting.† The name was taken from Monet’s Impression, Sunrise. â€Å"The artists took the name after a critic used it mockingly to describe all the exhibited works.† The critics said that the paintings were â€Å"evidence of sloppy workmanship† (world book).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Swing by Pierre Renoir shows many of the characteristics of a painting made during the impressionist movement. During the impressionist period the painters didn’t care to show emotion on the characters depicted in the painting. The impressionist also tried to capture a moment in time by painting something they saw at a glance rather than think about what they knew or what they felt about the situation. For example this painting captures a moment in time by showing a woman, standing on the swing, a baby, looking up at a man, and two men, who is having a conversation with the lady against an outdoor background. The impressionist liked to work outdoors in natural light and paint rapidly rather than in a studio trying to develop what they paint. They were influenced by the scientific study of color and light at that time. This painting shows how light reflects on the people standing partly in the shade and partly in the sunlight.

Psy 300

|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Social Sciences | | |PSY/300 | | |General Psychology |Copyright  © 2009, 2006, by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description General Psychology is a survey course which introduces the student to the major topics in scientific psychology as applied to human behavior. Applications of these principles will be made to the human experience. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. †¢ Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Kowalski, R. & Westen, D. (2011). Psychology (6th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: The Science of Psychology | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |Examine the major underlying assumptions of the various schools of thought in psychology. | | | |Explain how psychological research applies to various aspects of personal and social life. | | | | |Determine what guidelines should be applied to the evaluation of psychological research and | | | | |practices. | | | | |Identify ethical dilemmas that may arise in psychological research. | | | |Describe the basic biological foundations of psychology. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 1–3 of Psychology. | | | | |Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |4 out 7 days |2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. DQ 1: |2 | | | |Day 3 | | | | | | | | | |DQ 2: | | | |Day 5 | | |Nongraded Activities and |Use the link on the student web page to access and view the following video clips: | | | |Preparation | | | | |MyPsychLab |Branches of Psychology | | | | |The Complexity of Humans | | | |Learning Team Instructions |Resources: Learning Team Toolkit |Day 7 |2 | | |Complete the Learning Team Charter. | | | |Individual Foundations of |Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you examine the foundations of psychology.In |Day 7 |10 | |Psychology Paper |your paper be sure to address the following components: | | | | | | | | | |Identify the major schools of thought in psychology and examine their major underlying | | | | |assumptions. | | | | |Identify the primary biological foundations of psychology linked to behavior. | | | | | | | | | |Prepare to discuss this paper in class. | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | |Week Two: Sensation and Perception | |Learning | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Describe the concepts of transduction and absolute threshold. | | | |Examine sensation as it relates to the visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory | | | | |systems. | | | | |Distinguish sensation from perception. | | | | |Explore the conditioning processes involved with learning. | | | | |Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning. | | | | |Define unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, reinforcement, shaping, and extinction. | | | |Examine cognitive-social models of learning. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 4 & 5 of Psychology. | | | | |Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |4 out of 7 days|2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. |DQ 1: |2 | | | |Day 3 | | | | | | | | |DQ 2: | | | | |Day 5 | | |Activities and Preparation |Use the link on the student web page to access and view the following video clips: | | | | | | | | | |A Nobel-Winning Study in Feat ure Detectors | | | | |Frequency and Amplitude of Sound Waves | | | | |The Shaping Process | | | | | | | | | |Learning Team: Outline for Week 3 Paper | | | | | |Day 7 |4 | |Individual |Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you discuss phobias and addictions as related |Day 7 |10 | |Phobias and Addictions Paper |to classical and operant conditioning. Phobias and addictions are two emotional difficulties| | | | |which learning theorists can account for. Be sure to include the following: | | | | | | | | | |Explore how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning. | | | | |Explore how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning. | | | |Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning. | | | | |Explain what extinction means and how it is achieved in both classical and operant | | | | |conditioning. | | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | Week Three: Memory, Thought, Language, and Intelligence | | |Details |Due |Po ints | |Objectives | | | | | |Examine the processes of memory and information processing. | | | | |Describe short-term memory and long-term memory in relationship to each other. | | | | |Compare and contrast language, thought, reasoning, and problem solving. | | | |Explore the definitions of intelligence and the validity of intelligence measurements. | | | | |Articulate the relationship between memory and intelligence. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 6–8 of Psychology. | | | | |Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |4 out of 7 days|2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. |DQ 1: |2 | | |Day 3 | | | | | | | | | |DQ 2: | | | | |Day 5 | | |Individual Gardner |Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you discuss the theory of multiple |Day 7 |10 | |Intelligence paper |intelligences developed by Howard Gardner. Pick three and discuss how each can have an | | | | |impact on your personal success.Below is a list of the eight intelligences: | | | | | | | | | |Linguistic | | | | |Musical | | | | |Logical-Mathematical | | | | |Naturalist | | | | |Spatial | | | | |Bodily-Kinesthetic | | | | |Intrapersonal | | | | |Interpersonal | | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | |Learning Team Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you discuss the type of environment that |Day 7 |10 | |Sensation, Perception, and |facilitates the attention and perceptive processes of each Learning Team member. In order to | | | |Attention Paper |prepare your report, perform the following activities: | | | | | | | | | |Conduct an open dialogue about each team member’s threshold for auditory stimuli. | | | | | | | | |Compare the experiences and comfort levels of each team member with dichotic listening, or | | | | |the â€Å"cocktail party† phenomenon. | | | | | | | | | |Discuss how dividing attention facilitates or impedes each team memberâ⠂¬â„¢s learning. | | | | | | | | |Identify and articulate what you see as the sensory perception problem involved. | | | | | | | | | |Make recommendations and ground rules that will accommodate the auditory sensation, | | | | |perception, and attention to learning during your Learning Team meetings. | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | |Week Four: Motivation and Personality | |Human Development | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Examine basic theories of motivation. | | | |Compare and contrast theories of personality in terms of how they explain an individual’s | | | | |unique patterns and traits. | | | | |Determine the usefulness and the limitations of personality testing. | | | | |Identify basic theories of development. | | | | |Distinguish between the influences of heredity and environment on psychological development. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 10, 12, & 13, of Psychology. | | | |Review this week’s Electronic Reser ve Readings | | | | | | | | | |Learning Team: Outline for the week 5 paper |Day 7 |4 | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |4 out of 7 days|2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. |DQ 1: |2 | | | Day 3 | | | | | | | | | |DQ 2: | | | | |Day 5 | | |Individual |Resources: Articles located through the University Library or other sources |Day 7 |10 | |Life Span Development and | | | | |Personality Paper |Select a famous individual from the 20th or 21st centuries. Conduct research concerning the | | | | |background of your selected individual to determine what forces have impacted his or her life| | | | |from the viewpoint of developmental psychology. | | | | | | | | |Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you address the following items: | | | | | | | | | |Distinguish between the influences of heredity and environment on the person’s psychological | | | | |development. Be sure to specify which area of psychological development: moral, emotional, or| | | | |other. | | | | | | | | | |What family issues or social support systems may have influenced the person’s developmental | | | | |growth and adjustment? | | | | | | | | |Select two different theories of personality and apply them to your selected figure, and | | | | |answer the following question: How does each theory differ in terms of how it explains the | | | | |individual's unique patterns or traits? | | | | | | | | | |Explain which theoretical approach you believe best explains the individual's behaviors and | | | | |achievements.Make sure to explain why you made this choice. | | | | | | | | | |Use a minimum of three sources and be prepared to discuss your paper in class. | | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | Week Five: Social Psychology | |Abnormal Psychology and Therapy | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Analyze precursors and consequences of human interaction in terms of social psychology | | | | |concepts. | | | | |Explore basic concepts of human interaction from a social psychology perspective. | | | | |Define abnormal psychology in contrast to â€Å"normal psychology. † | | | | |Examine mental disorders and mental illness from the psychological perspective. | | | |Compare and contrast therapies designed for each school of thought in psychology for treating| | | | |mental disorders. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 14-17 of Psychology. | | | | |Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |4 out of 7 days|2 | |Discussion Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. DQ 1: |2 | | | |Day 3 | | | | | | | | | |DQ 2: | | | | |Day 5 | | |Individual |Resources: Articles located through the University library or other sources |Day 7 |10 | |Social Influences on Behavior | | | | |Paper |Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you examine basic concepts of human interaction| | | | |from a psychology perspect ive. In your examination, describe at least two examples of how | | | | |human behavior changes based on social situations. In your description be sure to address the| | | | |following: | | | | | | | | |Describe the specific behaviors. | | | | | | | | | |Describe the context in which the behaviors occurred. | | | | | | | | | |Analyze precursors and consequences of the behaviors in terms of social psychology concepts. | | | | | | | | |Identify any associated phenomenon with your selected behaviors, such as social facilitation,| | | | |social loafing, or groupthink. | | | | | | | | | |Determine if the exhibited behaviors necessitate therapeutic intervention. | | | | | | | | |Prepare to discuss your paper in class. | | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | |Learning Team |Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you discuss abnormal psychology and therapy. In|Day 7 |10 | |Abnormal Psychology and |your paper, be sure to address each one of the follo wing items: | | |Therapy Paper | | | | | |Compare and contrast normal and abnormal psychology. | | | | |Examine at least two mental disorders and two mental illnesses from the perspective of | | | | |psychology. | | | | |Discuss the similarities and differences among the therapies for each school of thought in | | | | |psychology for treating mental disorders. | | | | |Use a minimum of three sources and be prepared to discuss your paper in class. | | | | | | | | |Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | | Copyright University of Phoenix ® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft ®, Windows ®, and Windows NT ® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited i n accordance with University of Phoenix ® editorial standards and practices.

Privacy And The Iot Navigating Policy Issues - 985 Words

Privacy and the IoT: Navigating Policy Issues - Opening Remarks of FTC Chairwoman Edith Ramirez[10], â€Å"Today, I would like to focus on three key challenges that, in my view, the IoT poses to consumer privacy: (1) ubiquitous data collection; (2) the potential for unexpected uses of consumer data that could have adverse consequences; and (3) heightened security risks. These risks to privacy and security undermine consumer trust. And that trust is as important to the widespread consumer adoption of new IoT products and services as a network connection is to the functionality of an IoT device. I believe there are three key steps that companies should take to enhance consumer privacy and security and thereby build consumer trust in IoT devices: (1) adopting â€Å"security by design†; (2) engaging in data minimization; and (3) increasing transparency and providing consumers with notice and choice for unexpected data uses. I believe these steps will be key to successful IoT business models and to the protection of consumer information.† This project wants to achieve just the same goal as intended in both of the base papers combined The following are the better, simple features that can make this project as a benchmarking step in the implementation of the network security solutions for a Smart City:- 3.1 Privacy Preserving mechanism - U. I. D.: A user identification (UID) is a unique positive integer acting as a unique key randomly generated and then assigned by theShow MoreRelatedProtection And The Iot : Navigating Policy Issues1415 Words   |  6 Pages3. Proposed Work Protection and the IoT: Navigating Policy Issues - Opening Remarks of FTC Chairwoman Edith Ramirez[9], Today, I might want to concentrate on three key difficulties that, in my perspective, the IoT stances to shopper security: (1) universal information gathering; (2) the potential for sudden employments of customer information that could have unfavorable results; and (3) elevated security dangers. These dangers to protection and security undermine buyer trust. Also, that trust